Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which present significant challenges to the stability and performance of structures. These hidden cavities can arise from various reasons, such as geological formations, degradation, or human actions. Utilizin

Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical design. Accurately locating these voids is crucial for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophy

Cavity characterization plays a crucial role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity dimensions and properties is essential for precisely assessing the potential impact on foundations . Geotechnical engineers utilize various techniques to characterize cavities

Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral concentration.